Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias that refers to the tendency of individuals to favour, interpret, or remember information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs or values.

This bias can lead to a reinforcement of existing opinions, the maintenance of stereotypes, and the avoidance of challenging or conflicting information.

Social media and news outlets contribute to confirmation bias by tailoring content based on users’ preferences and engagement patterns, creating echo chambers that reinforce existing beliefs.

Algorithms on social media platforms often prioritize information that aligns with users’ views, limiting exposure to diverse perspectives.

Additionally, news outlets may have biases, and individuals tend to choose sources that confirm their opinions, fostering polarisation. This combination can strengthen confirmation bias, highlighting the need for media literacy and critical thinking to counteract these effects.