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How researchers say you can avoid an online scam

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Keeping up with the latest digital cons is exhausting. Fraudsters always seem to be one step ahead. But our study found there is one simple thing you can do to drastically reduce your chances of losing money to web scams: slow down.

In fact, among the various techniques used by scammers, creating a sense of urgency or the need to act or respond quickly is probably the most damaging. As with many legitimate sales, acting fast reduces your ability to think carefully, evaluate information and make a careful decision.

The COVID lockdowns made us all more reliant on online services such as shopping and banking. Quick to take advantage of this trend, scammers have since increased the rate and spectrum of online fraud. Cybersecurity company F5 found phishing attacks alone increased by over 200% during the height of the global pandemic, compared to the yearly average.

One fraud type many people fall victim to is fake websites (spoof legitimate business or government websites). According to a nonprofit that handles consumer complaints Better Business Bureau, fake websites are one of the leading reported scams. They caused estimated retail losses of approximately US$380 million (£316 million) in the US in 2022. Actually, losses are probably far higher because many cases go unreported.

How to know

We developed a series of experiments to evaluate what factors impact people’s ability to distinguish between real and fake websites. In our studies, participants viewed screenshots of real and fake versions of six websites: Amazon, ASOS, Lloyds Bank, the World Health Organisation COVID-19 donation website, PayPal and HMRC. The number of participants varied, but we had more than 200 in each experiment.

Each study involved asking participants whether they thought the screenshots showed authentic websites or not. Afterwards, they also took tests to evaluate their internet knowledge and analytical reasoning. Earlier research has shown analytical reasoning impacts our ability to tell between real and fake news and phishing emails.

People tend to employ two types of information processing – system one and system two. System one is quick, automatic, intuitive and related to our emotions. We know experts rely on system one to make quick decisions. System two is slow, conscious and laborious. The ability to perform well on analytical reasoning tasks has been associated with system two but not system one thinking. So we used analytical reasoning tasks as a proxy to help us tell whether people are leaning more on system one or two thinking.

An example of one of the questions in our analytical reasoning test is: “A bat and ball together cost $1.10. The bat costs $1.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?”

The big reveal

Our results showed higher analytical reasoning ability was linked to a better ability to tell fake and real websites apart.

Other researchers have found time pressure reduces people’s ability to detect phishing emails. It also tends to engage system one processing rather than system two. Scammers do not want us to carefully evaluate the information but engage emotionally with it. So our next step was to give people less time (about 10 seconds compared to 20 seconds in the first experiment) to do the task.

This time we used a new set of participants. We found participants who had less time to judge the credibility of a webpage showed poorer ability to discriminate between real and fake websites. They were about 50% less accurate compared to the group who had 20 seconds to decide whether a website was fake or real.

In our final study, we provided a new set of participants with 15 tips on how to spot fake websites (for instance, check the domain name). We also asked half of them to prioritise accuracy and take as much time as they needed while the other half were instructed to work as quickly as possible. Working quickly rather than accurately was linked to worse performance, and to poor recall of the 15 tips we provided earlier.

Is it for real?

With increasing internet use among all age groups, scammers are capitalising on peoples’ tendencies to use more intuitive information processing mechanisms to evaluate whether a website is legitimate. Scammers often design their solicitations in a way that encourages people to act quickly because they know that decisions made under such conditions are in their favour. For example, advertising that a discount is ending soon.

Muck of the advice about how to identify fake websites suggests you carefully examine the domain name, check for the padlock symbol, use website checkers such as Get Safe Online, look for spelling errors, and be wary of deals that sound too good to be true. These suggestions, obviously, require time and deliberate action. Indeed, possibly the best advice you could follow is: slow down.

Tech

SoftBank plans acquisition of DigitalBridge for AI expansion

SoftBank advances towards acquiring DigitalBridge to boost AI infrastructure amid soaring global data center demand

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SoftBank advances towards acquiring DigitalBridge to boost AI infrastructure amid soaring global data center demand

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In Short:
– SoftBank may acquire DigitalBridge to enhance its AI infrastructure amid rising global data centre demand.
– The deal could control $108 billion in digital assets, with financial details yet to be disclosed.

SoftBank Group is reportedly in advanced talks to acquire DigitalBridge Group, a move that would dramatically expand the Japanese conglomerate’s control over critical AI infrastructure as global demand for data centres accelerates. The potential deal, which could be announced within days, would give SoftBank exposure to roughly $108 billion in digital infrastructure assets, including data centres, cell towers and fibre networks. While financial terms remain undisclosed, the talks are said to be at an advanced stage.

The acquisition fits squarely into founder Masayoshi Son’s renewed bet on artificial intelligence and computing capacity. DigitalBridge manages investments in major data centre operators such as Vantage Data Centers, Switch, DataBank and AtlasEdge, placing SoftBank at the centre of the infrastructure powering next-generation AI. The company is also a key participant in Stargate, a $500 billion private-sector AI initiative announced earlier this year, and recently agreed to buy ABB’s robotics division as part of its broader push into physical AI.

Intensifying competition

Markets have reacted strongly to the prospect of the deal, with DigitalBridge shares surging as much as 47% after the initial reports emerged. The rally highlights intensifying competition for data centre assets, as AI drives unprecedented demand for computing power. McKinsey estimates AI-related infrastructure spending could reach $6.7 trillion by 2030, while Goldman Sachs forecasts global data centre power consumption will rise 175% from 2023 levels by the end of the decade. If completed, the acquisition would mark SoftBank’s return to direct ownership of a major digital infrastructure platform at a pivotal moment in the AI race.


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Italy orders Meta to open WhatsApp to AI competitors

Italy orders Meta to allow rival AI chatbots on WhatsApp amid regulatory battle over market dominance

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Italy orders Meta to allow rival AI chatbots on WhatsApp amid regulatory battle over market dominance

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In Short:
– Italy’s antitrust authority requires Meta to allow access to rival AI chatbots on WhatsApp during an investigation.
– Meta plans to appeal the ruling, claiming it disrupts their system and questioning WhatsApp’s role as an AI service platform.

Italy’s antitrust authority has ordered Meta to allow competing AI chatbots access to WhatsApp, suspending rules that blocked rivals. The decision comes amid concerns that Meta’s policies could limit competition and harm consumers in the rapidly growing AI services market. Meta plans to appeal, calling the ruling “fundamentally flawed” and arguing that WhatsApp wasn’t designed to support third-party AI chatbots.

The Italian Competition Authority began investigating Meta after its March 2025 launch of Meta AI on WhatsApp, later expanding the probe to cover updated business terms that excluded rival AI providers, such as ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and Perplexity. The European Commission has launched a parallel investigation, highlighting growing regulatory scrutiny on tech giants in Europe.

Europe’s stricter stance on Big Tech has sparked pushback from the industry and political figures in the U.S., including former President Donald Trump. Meta maintains that its Business API restrictions still allow AI for customer support and order tracking, but says general-purpose chatbot distribution falls outside its intended use.


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China’s maglev breakthrough hits 700 km/h in seconds, reshaping the future of transport

China sets world record with maglev train hitting 700 km/h in just two seconds, revolutionising ultra-high-speed transport

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China sets world record with maglev train hitting 700 km/h in just two seconds, revolutionising ultra-high-speed transport

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In Short:
– Chinese researchers set a world record, accelerating a test vehicle to 700 km/h in two seconds.
– This milestone positions China as a leader in ultra-high-speed maglev technology and future transport developments.

China has set a new world record in magnetic levitation technology after accelerating a ton-class superconducting maglev test vehicle to 700 kilometres per hour in just two seconds. The achievement, reported by state broadcaster CCTV, marks the fastest acceleration ever recorded for an electric maglev system and cements China’s position at the forefront of ultra-high-speed transport innovation.

The test was conducted by researchers at the National University of Defense Technology on a 400-metre track, where footage showed the vehicle flashing across the rail-like structure in a blur, leaving a misty trail behind it. The breakthrough follows more than a decade of research tackling complex challenges such as ultra-high-speed electromagnetic propulsion, electric suspension guidance systems, and high-field superconducting magnets, all of which are critical to stable travel at extreme speeds.

Hyperloop technology

Beyond headline-grabbing velocity, the milestone opens the door to future transport systems, including vacuum-tube maglev networks, commonly referred to as hyperloop technology. Scientists say the same advancements could also be applied to aerospace launch assistance, electromagnetic launch systems, and advanced experimental testing. According to Professor Li Jie from the National University of Defense Technology, the successful trial will significantly accelerate China’s research into frontier technologies, with future work focusing on pipeline-based high-speed transport and aerospace equipment testing.

While China now leads in superconducting maglev acceleration, global competition remains fierce. Japan still holds the record for the fastest manned train, with its L0 Series maglev reaching 603 kilometres per hour during testing in 2015. China, however, operates the world’s only commercial maglev service — the Shanghai Maglev — which currently runs at 300 kilometres per hour after its top speed was reduced from 431 kilometres per hour in 2021.

The December test builds on earlier progress made this year, including a 1.1-ton test sled that reached 650 kilometres per hour in seven seconds over a 600-metre track in June 2025. Together, these developments signal rapid momentum in China’s push toward next-generation transport systems that could redefine how people and payloads move across the planet.


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