A significant geomagnetic storm is currently affecting Earth, as announced by the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center on Sunday afternoon.

Despite this, the United States may not witness the typical aurora borealis associated with such celestial occurrences.

On Saturday, the SWPC issued geomagnetic storm watches extending through Monday due to an anticipated impact from a coronal mass ejection (CME) from the sun.

Initially projected as reaching G2 “moderate” to G3 “strong” levels, the SWPC now warns that the storm has escalated to “severe” G4 conditions.

Understanding Coronal Mass Ejections:

A coronal mass ejection (CME) is an eruption of plasma and magnetic material from the sun, which can reach Earth within 15 to 18 hours, according to NOAA.

These ejections can cause disturbances in Earth’s magnetic field, leading to phenomena like the aurora borealis when particles interact with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.

Measuring Geomagnetic Storms:

The SWPC utilizes a 5-point scale to gauge the strength of geomagnetic storms, ranging from G1 to G5.

While a G1 storm may only produce minor impacts such as visible auroras in certain regions, a G5 storm, classified as extreme, could extend the auroras as far south as Florida and southern Texas.

Additionally, geomagnetic storms can affect navigation, communication, and radio signals.

Assessing the Severity of the Current Storm:

The SWPC has classified the current geomagnetic storm as G4, which is considered “severe.”

Despite this designation, the agency assures the public that no adverse impacts are anticipated, though they advise staying informed about the storm’s progression.

Sun hurls strong geomagnetic storm toward Earth | Reuters

Potential Impacts and Outlook:

During such storms, there may be increased voltage control problems, effects on satellite operations, and GPS degradation, although these are typically manageable.

Unfortunately, due to the timing of the heightened activity, daytime conditions in the United States may hinder aurora visibility.

However, there’s still a possibility for viewing opportunities if the storm persists into the night.

As of the latest forecast, northern regions of the U.S. may still have a chance to witness the auroras on Sunday and Monday nights.

Despite potential missed opportunities, NOAA suggests that Solar Cycle 25, currently nearing its peak, will continue to bring geomagnetic storms and auroras to Earth in the coming years.

While the severe geomagnetic storm presents an exciting astronomical event, its impact on daily life is expected to be minimal.