“Women’s participation has been under-studied or ignored due to assumptions about women’s desire to participate in a particular group/movement and the organisation’s willingness to include women,” the paper notes.
In some cases, there is a distinction between active agency and coercion in terrorist activities. For example, in the case of women’s recruitment into ISIS.
In fact, women and minors accounted for up to 25 per cent of all recorded foreign ISIS affiliates in theatre, and around one-in-five (21%) of returnees.
“The group were less ideational and more emotional, such as feelings of acceptance, empowerment and the development of interpersonal bonds,” researchers found.
However, it went on to learn “once inside, some women do challenge jihadi gender norms, such as the prohibition of women to work and commit violent jihad.”
In most cases, women tend to prefer working within roles, which uphold gender norms than openly oppose the rules entirely.
The rationale behind men and women joining terrorist organisations is quite different. However, Professor Beverley Milton-Edwards from Queen’s University Belfast, said women are still making choices.
“It’s just that the frame of choice that they’re making is not what we as a society expect them to make because we believe that these groups are only offering opportunities that bind women, that enslave women, and exploit them.”
PROFESSOR BEVERLEY MILTON-EDWARDS
However, Professor Milton-Edwards believes some women still find their involvement in terrorist regimes as “a form of empowerment, liberation, and an opportunity to live in a society with a belief system that they subscribe”.
Costa is a news producer at ticker NEWS. He has previously worked as a regional journalist at the Southern Highlands Express newspaper. He also has several years' experience in the fire and emergency services sector, where he has worked with researchers, policymakers and local communities. He has also worked at the Seven Network during their Olympic Games coverage and in the ABC Melbourne newsroom.
He also holds a Bachelor of Arts (Professional), with expertise in journalism, politics and international relations. His other interests include colonial legacies in the Pacific, counter-terrorism, aviation and travel.
TikTok’s fate in the United States has never been more in doubt.
Congress approved a bill, which President Joe Biden signed into law that gives its Chinese parent company two options: sell it to an approved buyer or see it banned.
But now, the owners of the popular social media app says they’re preparing to challenge the statute in court.
Andy Keiser a Senior Fellow at the National Security Institute, and a Former Senior Advisor for the House Intelligence Committee joins Veronica Dudo to discuss. #IN AMERICA TODAY #featured #business #socialmedia #TikTok #TikTokban #nationalsecurity
In an industry constantly looking towards the future, anniversary re-releases offer a welcome opportunity to celebrate the past.
In an era of nostalgia, anniversary re-releases of classic films like “Star Wars Episode 1: The Phantom Menace,” “Spider-Man 2,” and “Shrek 2” are captivating audiences anew.
From the thrill of podracing to the iconic battles between heroes and villains, these films offer a chance to relive cherished moments on the big screen.
Tobey Maguire’s Spider-Man swings back into action, Shrek and his crew return for another hilarious adventure, and the galaxy far, far away beckons once more.
As fans of all ages flock to theaters, these timeless classics remind us why great storytelling endures, bridging generations and captivating audiences with their magic.
New research shows the impact of alcohol on our gut microbiome.
Alcohol affects gut microbes, potentially leading to gut imbalance and heightened cravings.
Research suggests moderate drinkers have healthier gut microbiomes. While red wine consumption may enhance gut diversity, similar benefits can be found in plant-based and fermented foods. Dysbiosis may worsen addiction, highlighting the need for holistic approaches to treatment.
